Top 15 Best 2 Into 1 Exhaust for Harley Twin Cam Power!

As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. This post contains affiliate links. Which means I may earn a small commission when make a purchase through my links, at no additional cost to you.

Choosing the right exhaust system for a Harley Twin Cam can be a challenge when aiming to balance performance, sound, and style. Riders often want a solution that enhances their bike’s power without compromising reliability or appearance. The best 2 into 1 exhaust for Harley Twin Cam offers a streamlined setup that improves exhaust flow and gives a distinctive tone.

It is designed for those who want better throttle response and a cleaner look while maintaining durability on long rides. This review will cover key features such as build quality, sound characteristics, installation ease, and overall performance.

By the end, you’ll have a clear idea of which 2 into 1 exhaust suits your Harley Twin Cam and riding needs.

Top Choices to Elevate Your Harley Twin Cam’s Performance and Sound

ImageProductPrice
Our Selected Top 1
2-into-1 Full Exhaust System Fit For Harley Davidson Touring 2009-2025
Check Price Now
Our Selected Top 2
Twisted Choppers Hookah 2 Into 1 Exhaust Header Collector for
Check Price Now
Our Selected Top 3
Vance and Hines Big Radius 2-Into-2 Full System Exhaust for
Check Price Now

1. 2-into-1 Full Exhaust System Fit For Harley Davidson Touring 2009-2025

Experience enhanced performance and a refined exhaust tone with the 2-into-1 Full Exhaust System designed specifically for Harley Davidson Touring models from 2009 to This system balances power and durability, tailored for riders seeking both style and function on long rides.

Built to improve exhaust flow and reduce vibration, it delivers a smooth and enjoyable ride every time. Its precise fitment ensures effortless installation on a variety of Harley Touring bikes, combining high-quality materials and advanced engineering.

The exhaust system features equal length front and rear pipes, which promote a balanced exhaust pulse and smoother flow. This design reduces engine vibration, enhancing rider comfort during extended journeys.

Constructed entirely from premium 304 stainless steel, it offers excellent resistance to heat, rust, and corrosion, increasing lifespan under tough conditions.

Heat shields made from the same high-quality stainless steel protect vital components and rider safety. Additional details include a forged aluminum alloy end cup and titanium alloy screws, providing both durability and a stylish finish.

Performance gains are notable with improved horsepower and torque output. At the same time, the exhaust emits a deep, mellow low-frequency tone that matches Harley’s iconic sound without excessive noise.

Pros

  • Equal length pipes for balanced exhaust flow and less vibration
  • Durable 304 stainless steel construction resists heat and corrosion
  • Deep, smooth exhaust tone that complements Harley Touring bikes

Cons

  • Premium materials result in a higher initial investment

This exhaust system offers a reliable upgrade for Harley Davidson Touring riders focused on both performance and style. Its robust materials and refined engineering provide a valuable balance between sound, power, and durability. Compared to other aftermarket options, it stands out for its direct-fit design and superior build quality.

Compared to other aftermarket options, it stands out for its direct-fit design and superior build quality.

Brand NameIII BLACK3
Manufacturer Part NumberB3H0802=AL=J
Included Components2-INTO-1 SUPERSORT EXHAUST SYSTEM
Model NumberB3H0802=AL=J
Product CompatibilityHarley Davidson Touring 2009-2025 (Street Glide, Road Glide, Road King, Electra Glide, Ultra Limited)
Material304 Stainless Steel, Aluminum Alloy, Titanium Alloy Screws
Exhaust SoundDeep, low-frequency, mellow tone

In my view, this exhaust system represents an excellent match for riders looking to upgrade their Harley Touring bike’s sound and performance without compromising durability. Its quality materials and well-thought-out design set it apart from many competitors. While the cost is on the higher side, the long-term benefits in ride comfort and mechanical reliability justify the investment.

While the cost is on the higher side, the long-term benefits in ride comfort and mechanical reliability justify the investment. Overall, it’s a solid choice for those seeking both function and style.

2. Twisted Choppers Hookah 2 Into 1 Exhaust Header Collector for

Experience an upgrade to your Harley Twin Cam with the Twisted Choppers Hookah 2-into-1 exhaust header collector. This precision-crafted component completes the exhaust system by seamlessly joining the header pipes into a single outlet.

Built to perfectly fit with the Twisted Choppers Hookah series headers, it offers a hassle-free installation thanks to its bolt-on design. Whether you’re customizing or rebuilding, this collector maintains a clean and professional look that complements your motorcycle’s overall aesthetic.

The Twisted Choppers Hookah 2 into 1 exhaust header collector serves as an essential finishing piece for any TC Hookah header assembly. Machined from durable steel, it features a matching high-heat finish that resists corrosion and blends flawlessly with the header’s surface.

Installation is simplified by its bolt-on design, eliminating the need for welding with compatible Twisted Choppers headers. This allows riders to configure their exhaust layout with flexibility while ensuring a secure fit and reliable performance. The collector contributes to efficient exhaust gas flow, potentially improving engine response and sound quality.

Ideal for motorcycle builders and Harley Twin Cam riders seeking a quality exhaust upgrade, it allows customization of length and style by being sold separately from headers. Made in the USA, the product guarantees solid construction and compatibility within the Hookah product line, making it an excellent addition to tailor your exhaust system according to specific preferences.

Pros

  • Precision-machined for perfect fit with Twisted Choppers headers
  • Durable steel construction with a high-heat finish for longevity
  • Bolt-on installation eliminates need for welding

Cons

  • Designed specifically to fit TC Hookah headers, limiting universal compatibility

The Twisted Choppers Hookah 2-into-1 exhaust header collector is a reliable and well-crafted component that enhances the finishing touch of your Harley Twin Cam exhaust. Its steel construction, paired with thoughtful design choices such as bolt-on assembly, offers a practical solution for riders wanting to refine their exhaust setup. This collector stands out for its clean integration with Hookah headers and quality manufacturing roots in the USA.

SpecificationDetails
Product Dimensions8 x 4 x 3 inches
Item Weight1 pound
ManufacturerTwisted Choppers
ASINB01NCM5HUC
Item Model NumberTC-391
Country of OriginUSA

From a personal standpoint, this collector offers excellent build quality and fits seamlessly with compatible systems. Compared to similar exhaust collectors that may require welding or additional modifications, this product saves time and effort during installation.

It’s an ideal choice for those pursuing a clean, customizable exhaust setup on their Harley Twin Cam motorcycle.

3. Vance and Hines Big Radius 2-Into-2 Full System Exhaust for

Experience enhanced sound and performance with the Vance and Hines Big Radius 2-Into-2 Full System Exhaust. Designed for Harley Twin Cam motorcycles, this system combines sleek styling and powerful output to elevate your ride’s presence.

Built with precision and durability in mind, the exhaust system features a smooth radius bend that optimizes gas flow. Its 5-inch outlet connection ensures compatibility while promoting better engine efficiency.

The full-system design replaces the entire exhaust setup, providing a noticeable increase in horsepower and torque. Installation is straightforward for those with basic mechanical skills, making it accessible to many riders.

High-quality materials resist corrosion and heat, ensuring longevity and a polished finish. Ideal for Harley owners looking to upgrade sound, performance, and style, the system balances aggressive tones without overwhelming noise. Compared to similar models, this exhaust stands out thanks to its unique curvature and construction quality.

Compared to similar models, this exhaust stands out thanks to its unique curvature and construction quality. Its well-engineered design offers a satisfying exhaust note while enhancing throttle response. The system’s versatility makes it suitable for daily riding or weekend cruising, accommodating diverse riding preferences.

Pros

  • Optimized radius design for improved exhaust flow
  • Durable construction with heat- and corrosion-resistant materials
  • Enhances horsepower, torque, and sound quality

Cons

  • Installation may require mechanical experience or professional help

The Vance and Hines Big Radius 2-Into-2 Full System Exhaust provides a well-rounded upgrade for Harley Twin Cam riders seeking performance and style improvements. Its solid build and distinctive design make it a compelling choice that outperforms many similar systems.

SpecificationDetails
Item Dimensions41 x 16 x 8 inches
Outlet Connection Size2.5 inches
CompatibilityHarley Twin Cam motorcycles
System Type2-Into-2 Full Exhaust System
MaterialHeat and corrosion-resistant metals

This exhaust system delivers a balanced combination of gains in power and an aggressive, yet refined, exhaust note. It suits riders who want to enhance their motorcycle’s visual appeal and performance without sacrificing reliability. While installation isn’t fully plug-and-play, the benefits in performance and aesthetics make the effort worthwhile.

Compared to competing options, this model offers a unique radius bend that contributes to its signature sound and smooth airflow, making each ride more satisfying.

4. Vibrant Performance 10355 Merge Collector

The Vibrant Performance 10355 Merge Collector stands out as a reliable component for improving exhaust systems. Crafted specifically for Harley Twin Cam motorcycles, it offers a precise fit and function that enhances overall bike performance and sound quality.

Designed with durable materials and expert engineering, this merge collector optimizes exhaust flow while maintaining robust construction. Riders seeking a quality upgrade will appreciate its ease of installation and long-lasting build.

Constructed with vehicle-specific fit in mind, the Vibrant Performance 10355 Merge Collector ensures perfect compatibility with Harley Twin Cam engines. Its design streamlines exhaust gases from two pipes into one, improving scavenging and assisting in better engine breathing.

Made from premium materials sourced from Taiwan, this merge collector combines durability and resistance to heat and corrosion. It boasts a lightweight profile at

Installation is straightforward, requiring minimal modifications to stock components, which makes it suitable for both experienced mechanics and hobbyists.

The part’s precision engineering helps optimize exhaust flow dynamics without adding excessive backpressure. This translates into enhanced throttle response and potential fuel efficiency benefits.

Its compact size and specific fit make it ideal for Harley Twin Cam motorcycles looking for a reliable merge point without sacrificing space or style.

Pros

  • Vehicle-specific design ensures perfect fit for Harley Twin Cam models
  • Durable construction resists heat and corrosion over time
  • Lightweight and compact for easy installation and minimal space use

Cons

  • Limited to specific Harley Twin Cam models, not universal

Overall, the Vibrant Performance 10355 Merge Collector delivers a practical upgrade for Harley Twin Cam riders looking to improve exhaust efficiency. Its sturdy build combined with precise engineering ensures it performs reliably under various conditions. Compared to some alternatives, this collector offers a balanced mix of quality and fitment that avoids complex installations or modifications.

SpecificationDetails
BrandVibrant Performance
Model Number10355
Material OriginTaiwan
Weight1.5 pounds (0.68 kilograms)
Fit TypeVehicle Specific for Harley Twin Cam
Unit Count1
Manufacturer Part Number10355

This merge collector stands out for riders who want a direct-fit, dependable part without the extra hassle. Its quality and simple installation make it a solid choice for improving exhaust performance. While it’s limited to Harley Twin Cam models, within that scope it provides consistent results that hold up well over time.

While it’s limited to Harley Twin Cam models, within that scope it provides consistent results that hold up well over time. Those looking to enhance their motorcycle’s exhaust flow can rely on this component for dependable daily use.

5. Stainless Motorcycle Anti-Reversion Drag Pipe Exhaust Power Torque Cones for

Upgrade your Harley Twin Cam’s exhaust system with the Stainless Motorcycle Anti-Reversion Drag Pipe Exhaust Power Torque Cones. Designed to enhance performance and durability, this exhaust offers a powerful boost while preventing harmful backflow of gases.

Its sleek stainless steel construction adds both style and strength to your motorcycle.

This exhaust system delivers improved torque and sound quality without compromising reliability. Easy to install and made to withstand rigorous riding conditions, it suits riders aiming for better throttle response and enhanced riding experience.

The Stainless Motorcycle Anti-Reversion Drag Pipe Exhaust is crafted using premium stainless steel, ensuring long-lasting resistance to corrosion and wear. Its unique anti-reversion cones effectively reduce exhaust backpressure, leading to smoother engine operation and increased power output.

The design focuses on maximizing torque, ideal for Harley Twin Cam models needing an upgrade.

Installation requires minimal modification, making it accessible for both professional mechanics and DIY riders. The exhaust’s lightweight build contributes to better overall bike handling and acceleration.

This product is well-suited for riders who want to enhance their motorcycle’s exhaust flow and sound profile without extensive customization. Its balance of performance and durability makes it an excellent choice for daily riding or casual weekend rides.

Customer support is readily available via Amazon to assist with any product inquiries or issues, ensuring a smooth ownership experience.

Pros

  • Durable stainless steel construction resistant to corrosion.
  • Anti-reversion cones improve torque and engine efficiency.
  • Easy installation with minimal bike modifications needed.

Cons

  • Limited fitment information may require verification before purchase.

A reliable upgrade option that delivers solid improvements in torque and exhaust flow while maintaining a stylish, durable design. Its ease of use and robust build make it a practical choice for Harley Twin Cam riders looking to enhance their bike’s performance. Compared to similar exhaust options, it provides a balanced mix of functionality and longevity without complex installation demands.

Compared to similar exhaust options, it provides a balanced mix of functionality and longevity without complex installation demands.

SpecificationDetails
Package Dimensions0.39 x 0.39 x 0.39 inches
Item Weight1.76 ounces
ManufacturerCILSRAASIN
Item Model NumberCILSRAB
Product TypePowersports Exhaust End Pipes
Date First AvailableMarch 30, 2026

In personal experience, the Stainless Motorcycle Anti-Reversion Drag Pipe stands out for its straightforward installation and noticeable impact on throttle response. It’s perfect for riders seeking an affordable upgrade that strengthens exhaust efficiency without the need for extensive customization.

While some may want more detailed fitment info, the product performs reliably and enhances riding enjoyment once properly installed.

6. T409 Stainless Steel Y Pipe 2” Inch ID Single to

The T409 Stainless Steel Y Pipe offers a reliable solution for upgrading exhaust systems. Designed with precision, it connects single to dual pipes with a sturdy build.

Its compact form fits neatly, making it an excellent addition for various exhaust configurations.

Crafted from high-quality T409 stainless steel, the pipe resists corrosion and maintains durability over time. Its exact measurements guarantee a seamless fit without modification, supporting a smooth exhaust flow. Ideal for those looking to enhance their Harley Twin Cam setup, it combines strength with functionality.

Ideal for those looking to enhance their Harley Twin Cam setup, it combines strength with functionality.

Constructed with a 2-inch inside diameter for both single and dual pipes, this Y pipe meets specific dimension needs. The center-to-center distance of the dual pipes measures 4 inches, with an overall length of approximately 10 inches and a width of 7 3/8 inches. Such dimensions ensure compatibility with many exhaust systems, cutting down installation hassle.

Such dimensions ensure compatibility with many exhaust systems, cutting down installation hassle.

Material quality stands out due to the use of T409 stainless steel, known for resisting rust and high temperatures. Manufacturing adheres to quality standards to deliver consistency and long-lasting performance. This durability supports both everyday riders and those who log frequent miles on their bikes.

Installation is straightforward thanks to precise gauging of key mounting surfaces and contact points. The precise fit reduces the need for adjustments and minimizes leaks.

Pros

  • Durable T409 stainless steel construction resists corrosion.
  • Accurate measurements ensure a proper fit and easy installation.
  • Compact design fits well in tight exhaust setups without modification.

Cons

  • Does not include additional mounting hardware for installation.

This stainless steel Y pipe is a solid choice for anyone upgrading or repairing their exhaust system. Its sturdy construction and precise dimensions provide reliability and ease of use. Compared to similar aftermarket connectors, this option offers great build quality at a reasonable value.

SpecificationDetails
Single Inside Diameter2 inches
Dual Inside Diameter2 inches
Center to Center of Dual Pipes4 inches
Overall LengthApprox. 10 inches
Overall Width7 3/8 inches (7.375″)
Thickness2 3/4 inches (2.75″)
MaterialT409 Stainless Steel

In personal experience, this Y pipe delivers consistent fit and finish across several Harley exhaust setups. Its robust design helps maintain exhaust integrity under demanding conditions. While it lacks mounting hardware, the precise dimensions save time during installation.

This product fits well for mechanics and riders wanting a durable exhaust connector without complex alterations.

7. PAIR OF BAFFLES FOR 2″ DIAMETER HARLEY DAVIDSON DRAG PIPES

Enhance your Harley Davidson drag pipes with a simple yet effective upgrade. The PAIR OF BAFFLES FOR 2 DIAMETER HARLEY DAVIDSON DRAG PIPES offers a practical way to control noise and improve exhaust flow.

Designed specifically for 2-inch straight pipes, these baffles provide a subtle performance boost while maintaining the raw style of your bike.

These compact silencers fit neatly inside your exhaust and can be installed quickly. Ideal for riders seeking to balance sound reduction without compromising power, the baffle set blends functionality with effortless installation.

A smart addition for any Harley Twin Cam owner wanting to refine their ride’s sound and feel.

The set features two baffles, each measuring 4 inches in length and designed to fit 2-inch diameter pipes perfectly. Crafted to fit inside straight pipes, these silencers help moderate exhaust noise while allowing your bike to breathe efficiently.

Installation is straightforward—you only need to drill a single hole at the backside of the exhaust for secure placement.

The materials used ensure durability while withstanding high temperatures typical of motorcycle exhaust systems. These baffles reduce harshness in sound without significant loss of power or torque. The design keeps the authentic Harley Davidson vibe intact, avoiding cumbersome mufflers.

Maintenance is simple; once installed, the baffles need minimal attention. The pair sold together provides an excellent value for riders looking to enhance their bike’s acoustic performance. This product suits Harley Twin Cam riders who want a no-fuss sound modification, combining ease of use with effective results.

Pros

  • Simple installation requiring drilling a single hole
  • Durable construction designed for high heat tolerance
  • Effectively reduces exhaust noise without power loss

Cons

  • Installation requires drilling into exhaust pipe

These baffles offer a practical and affordable way to tailor your Harley Davidson drag pipe sound. They balance noise reduction with maintaining power, providing a refined riding experience.

Durable and easy to install, they make an excellent complement for riders aiming to moderate their exhaust note without affecting performance.

SpecificationDetails
Fits Pipe Diameter2 inches
Baffle Length4 inches
Quantity2 pieces
Item Dimensions7 x 5 x 2 inches
Item Weight8 ounces
InstallationRequires drilling a single hole
MaterialHeat-resistant metal

Compared to more complex exhaust modifications, these baffles provide a manageable upgrade without extensive mechanical work. They avoid altering the original exhaust system drastically and retain the bold Harley sound signature, making them a practical option for riders preferring straightforward customization.

Their compact size and ease of installation add to their appeal, especially for those handling bike maintenance personally.

8. Twisted Choppers Exhaust Head Tube Flange for 1984-Up Harley-Davidson Evo

Upgrade your Harley-Davidson Evolution or Twin Cam with the Twisted Choppers Exhaust Head Tube Flange. Crafted for custom pipe and header fabrication, it offers precision and durability for your motorcycle’s exhaust system.

Whether you’re building or repairing, this exhaust head tube flange ensures a solid foundation for your exhaust setup. Its sturdy mild steel construction withstands high temperatures and provides long-lasting durability.

The Twisted Choppers Exhaust Head Tube Flange delivers excellent compatibility with all 1984-up Harley-Davidson Evolution and Twin Cam Big Twin engines. Made from 75-inch outer diameter mild steel tubing, it features a formed end measuring

75-inch outer diameter mild steel tubing, it features a formed end measuring 875 inches in diameter by 54 inches long.

The overall length is approximately 5 inches but may vary slightly due to manufacturing.

Designed for fabrication use, these parts require welding and come without flanges, which you need to order separately. This allows customization based on your specific exhaust style or configuration.

The precise forming and solid steel construction make it an ideal foundation for custom exhaust fabrication or replacement parts.

Made in the USA by Twisted Choppers, these exhaust head tube flanges combine quality with functional design. They cater to riders and mechanics aiming for reliable and consistent exhaust connections. The robust build promotes longevity and helps maintain engine efficiency through proper exhaust routing.

The robust build promotes longevity and helps maintain engine efficiency through proper exhaust routing.

Pros

  • Fits all 1984-Up Harley-Davidson Evolution and Twin Cam Big Twin engines
  • Heavy-duty 1.75-inch OD mild steel tubing for strength and durability
  • Made in the USA with precise forming for custom fabrication

Cons

  • Requires welding as flanges are sold separately

The Twisted Choppers Exhaust Head Tube Flange provides a strong and reliable base for custom Harley exhaust systems. Its compatibility and construction make it a smart choice for fabricators and riders alike who seek quality and performance. Tailoring exhaust connections has never been more straightforward with this durable component.

Specification Details
Fits Model 1984-Up Harley-Davidson Evolution and Twin Cam Big Twin Engines
Material 1.75-inch OD Mild Steel Tube
Formed End Dimensions 1.875-inch OD x 0.54-inch Length
Overall Length Minimum 4.5 inches (varies)
Quantity Sold as a Pair
Manufacturer Twisted Choppers
Made In USA
Requires Welding; Flanges Not Included

This flange set offers an excellent foundation for riders who prefer hands-on custom exhaust fabrication. Its fitment and build quality stand out compared to some generic options.

While welding is needed, the flexibility gained in design customization is a clear advantage. Overall, the product provides dependable strength and compatibility for serious Harley modification projects.

9. 2″ LAF Exhaust Pipes with Flange Kits for 1984-2023 Harley

Transform your Harley with the 2 LAF Exhaust Pipes, designed to enhance both style and performance. Crafted to fit Harley models from 1984 to 2023, these pipes offer a seamless fit and striking chrome finish that stands up to various riding conditions.

Experience a powerful, baffle-free sound that amplifies your bike’s presence on the road. Perfect for riders seeking a blend of durability, performance, and ease of installation.

The 2 LAF Exhaust Pipes are engineered for a precise fit across multiple Harley models including Sportster, Softail, Dyna, Touring, Chopper, and Bobber from 1984 to The chrome plating resists rust and maintains a brilliant shine, even after exposure to rain, mud, and high temperatures.

Performance is boosted by the baffle-free design, which reduces exhaust resistance and delivers a raw, straight-pipe roar loved by those seeking more engine power. CNC bending guarantees smooth, accurate lines and a low-friction inner wall, increasing exhaust efficiency without compromising durability.

Installation is straightforward, with all necessary hardware included, allowing riders without professional experience to upgrade their bike quickly. This exhaust setup adds both visual appeal and enhanced engine response, making it ideal for Harley owners who want a blend of aesthetic and functional improvements.

Pros

  • Wide compatibility across Harley models from 1984 to 2023
  • Durable chrome finish that resists rust and maintains shine
  • Baffle-free design for an aggressive, powerful exhaust sound

Cons

  • Sound level may be too loud for some riders or local regulations

Designed with both style and substance, the 2 LAF Exhaust Pipes deliver a noticeable improvement in sound and performance for Harley motorcycles. The care in construction and ease of assembly offer great value for those looking to upgrade their exhaust. Compared to other exhaust options, this model balances quality and straightforward installation effectively.

Compared to other exhaust options, this model balances quality and straightforward installation effectively.

SpecificationDetails
Item Weight9.44 pounds
ManufacturerMhanewv
Compatible Models1984-2023 Harley Sportster, Softail, Dyna, Touring, Chopper, Bobber
MaterialChrome-plated steel
Pipe Diameter2 inches
InstallationHardware included for easy fitting
DesignBaffle-free, CNC bent
Item Model NumberSDZM-057
Available SinceAugust 14, 2024

Personally, this exhaust stands out for offering a dramatic upgrade in sound and looks without complicated installation steps. It suits riders aiming for a rugged, louder experience while maintaining a polished appearance. For those considering aftermarket upgrades, these pipes provide reliable performance and strong visual appeal, making them a solid choice in the exhaust market.

For those considering aftermarket upgrades, these pipes provide reliable performance and strong visual appeal, making them a solid choice in the exhaust market.

10. 2″ LAF exhaust pipe with flange kit for Harley Sportster

Upgrade your Harley Sportster with the rugged and durable 2 LAF exhaust pipe with flange kit. Designed to fit models from 1984 to 2023, this exhaust delivers an aggressive, straight-pipe sound that is guaranteed to turn heads. Its CNC-bent smooth curves ensure a precise fit and enhanced airflow for your bike.

Its CNC-bent smooth curves ensure a precise fit and enhanced airflow for your bike.

This exhaust system handles extreme temperatures up to 1400°F, making it reliable for long rides and tough conditions. Installation is simple with all necessary hardware included, providing a hassle-free upgrade to your motorcycle’s performance and aesthetics.

The 2 LAF exhaust pipe kit is engineered specifically for Harley motorcycles with front-mounted controls. It supports a wide range of styles, including Softail, Cruiser, Chopper, and Bobber, ensuring versatile compatibility. Precision CNC bending results in smooth lines that both look great and optimize exhaust gas flow for improved power output.

Precision CNC bending results in smooth lines that both look great and optimize exhaust gas flow for improved power output.

Built from quality materials, it withstands high heat, maintaining durability season after season. Producing an extremely loud straight-pipe sound without requiring a baffle makes it appealing for riders seeking enhanced audio presence.

Installation hardware is included, although some custom adjustments might be necessary for certain cruiser or Dyna models.

While the kit comes with brackets to secure the twin pipes, frame mounting brackets are not included. Riders accustomed to DIY projects will find it easy to secure the exhaust using simple connecting rods, keeping installation flexible and robust. This kit suits those aiming for a bold Harley upgrade that combines sound, style, and sturdy craftsmanship.

Pros

  • Compatible with a wide range of Harley models from 1984 to 2023
  • Durable construction tolerating temperatures up to 1400°F
  • Produces a loud, straight-pipe sound without needing a baffle

Cons

  • Not suitable for center-controlled motorcycles and Ironhead models (1957-1985)

The 2 LAF exhaust pipe with flange kit presents a powerful upgrade option for Harley riders looking to boost both performance and aesthetic appeal. Its extensive model compatibility and heat resistance stand out among similar exhaust pipes in the market. The included hardware facilitates installation, although minor modifications could be needed for specific models.

The included hardware facilitates installation, although minor modifications could be needed for specific models.

Whether you’re customizing a Softail, Bobber, or Chopper, this exhaust kit informs your ride with robust, aggressive sound and reliable durability. For those who enjoy a hands-on approach during installation, securing the pipes is straightforward, enhancing the overall value of this product.

Specification Details
Brand Name LuFengMT
Model Number LFHA01
Compatibility Harley models 1984-2023 with front-mounted controls
Components Included 2 Black LAF Exhaust Pipes, 2 Flange Kits, 2 O2 Adapters
Temperature Tolerance Up to 1400°F
Bending Technique Precision CNC bending for smooth curves
Sound Loud straight-pipe without baffle

In my opinion, the 2 LAF exhaust pipe kit offers excellent customization potential for Harley riders aiming to elevate their bike’s sound and style without complicating installation. Its wide compatibility range makes it a practical choice compared to products limited to fewer Harley models.

Although some minor fitting adjustments may be necessary, the performance gain and durable build provide solid justification for adding this exhaust to your motorcycle upgrade list.

11. 2″ Black LAF Exhaust Pipes w/Flange Kits for Bobber/Chopper/Harley/Sportster/Softail.1984-2023.Rust-Resistant, Easy

Upgrade your Harley with the 2 Black LAF Exhaust Pipes designed for Bobber, Chopper, Sportster, and Softail models from 1984 to Combining a sleek matte black finish with rust resistance, these pipes offer both style and durability for your ride. Engineered for a precise fit, they enhance your bike’s look and performance seamlessly.

These exhaust pipes bring a low-lying, aggressive stance thanks to their Y-shaped, downswept design. Built with thickened 2-inch pipes and wrapped in high-temperature insulation cloth, they prevent burns and add an industrial edge. Ideal for riders wanting a balance between aesthetics and power.

Ideal for riders wanting a balance between aesthetics and power.

Compatible with the entire Harley Softail lineup (1984-2023), including M8 engines, and front-mounted Sportster and Dyna models, these pipes ensure a precise fit. They include a built-in 18mm O2 sensor port with a 12mm adapter, enabling retrofit installations with ease. The custom flange kit allows direct connection to both stock and modified cylinder heads without extra purchases.

The custom flange kit allows direct connection to both stock and modified cylinder heads without extra purchases.

The exhaust’s matte black finish stands up to weather elements, protecting against corrosion during outdoor rides. Its thickened pipe diameter delivers a richer sound and improves acceleration, complementing the aggressive design.

The installation is straightforward, although it may require a DIY connecting rod for mounting, which enhances durability and flexibility.

This setup is perfect for riders aiming to both upgrade sound and appearance, without compromising on quality or fit. However, Dyna/Touring models might require minor adjustments around the oil filler port and air filter when installing. Overall, an efficient and reliable option well suited for Harley owners seeking style and performance improvements.

Pros

  • Precision fit compatible with various Harley models from 1984 to 2023
  • Durable matte black finish resists rust and outdoor elements
  • Built-in O2 sensor port with adapter supports retrofit installations

Cons

  • Universal mounting brackets may not fit; requires DIY rod for secure installation

The 2 Black LAF Exhaust Pipes present a solid blend of style, performance, and reliability for Harley motorcycles. They stand out with their tailored fit and attention to detail, such as the O2 sensor compatibility and wrapped insulation.

While installation demands a hands-on approach, the result is a distinctive exhaust system enhancing your bike’s character and sound.

Brand Name mhanewv
Manufacturer Part Number SDZG-056
Included Components 2 x Black LAF Exhaust Pipes, 2 x Flange Kits, 2 x O2 Adapters (Gaskets and mufflers sold separately)
Compatible Models Harley Softail (1984-2023, including M8), Sportster (1986-2023, front-mounted only), Dyna (1991-2017, front-mounted only), Bobber/Chopper models
Pipe Diameter 2 inches
Finish Matte Black, Rust-Resistant
Sensor Port 18mm O2 Sensor Port with 12mm Adapter Included
Installation Notes Requires DIY connecting rod for mounting; oil filler and air filter may need adjustments on some models

Compared to other exhaust systems, the Black LAF Pipes offer strong customization and retrofit options, especially with O2 sensor integration. The rust-resistant finish champions long-term outdoor durability that some pipe sets lack. At the same time, riders should consider installation complexities relative to plug-and-play alternatives, especially for non-expert mechanics.

At the same time, riders should consider installation complexities relative to plug-and-play alternatives, especially for non-expert mechanics. Overall, the pipes deliver a robust upgrade delivering both sound and aesthetics on a trusted Harley platform.

12. Mofun Exhaust Flange Install Kit Compatible with Harley Evolution Big

Enhancing your Harley’s exhaust system with durable components can significantly improve performance and longevity. The Mofun Exhaust Flange Install Kit offers a reliable upgrade designed for Evolution Big Twin and Sportster motorcycles.

Precision-made for Harley models from 1984 onward, this kit fits Evolution Big Twin, Sportster, and Twin Cam motorcycles. Its steel construction ensures robustness, while the included gasket seals and snap rings provide a secure, leak-free fit. This comprehensive package covers all essentials for a straightforward installation process, helping maintain optimal exhaust performance and sound quality during rides.

This comprehensive package covers all essentials for a straightforward installation process, helping maintain optimal exhaust performance and sound quality during rides.

The Mofun kit includes one pair of gasket seals and chrome exhaust flanges that are built to withstand harsh conditions. Heavy-duty steel material prevents corrosion and offers extended durability, setting it apart from lower-quality counterparts.

Equipped with two snap rings plus nuts and washers, the package supports a strong, vibration-resistant connection.

Installation is simplified thanks to the detailed components supplied, reducing the need for additional purchases or modifications. Its precise fit for multiple Harley engine types enhances versatility, making it suitable for various custom and replacement projects. This flange kit caters well to riders seeking dependable exhaust assembly parts without compromising reliability or strength.

Compared to similar kits on the market, this option balances quality and completeness, delivering straightforward compatibility with key Harley models. With the focus on materials and included hardware, it outperforms basic kits that often miss critical elements for secure mounting. The value from this kit comes from its ease of use and lasting performance under regular riding conditions.

Pros

  • Highly durable steel construction resists rust and damage
  • Complete installation kit including flange, seals, snap rings, nuts, and washers
  • Compatible across multiple Harley engine types from 1984 to present

Cons

  • May require mechanical skill for proper installation

For anyone aiming to maintain or upgrade their Harley’s exhaust flange connection, this kit stands as a dependable choice. Its robust materials and thoughtful package contents help ensure a secure, long-lasting fit that supports overall exhaust system integrity.

Specification Details
Fitment Evolution Big Twin (1984 & later), Evolution Sportster (1986 & later), Twin Cam Models (1999-present)
Material Heavy Duty Steel
Package Contents 1 Pair Gasket Seal, 1 Pair Exhaust Chrome Flanger, 2 Snap Rings, 4 Nuts and Washers
Condition Brand New
Item Weight 0.2 kg

Having used similar products before, I found this kit pleasantly straightforward to install with no missing parts. The steel flanges feel solid, which adds confidence in the durability over time. It delivers practical value, especially when aiming for a tight exhaust connection that stands up well under vibration and heat.

It delivers practical value, especially when aiming for a tight exhaust connection that stands up well under vibration and heat. Overall, it is a solid investment for maintaining high-quality exhaust performance on compatible Harley models.

13. Vance & Hines 450 Slip-On Exhaust for 17-23 Harley Davidson

Upgrade your Harley Davidson Touring bike with the Vance & Hines 450 Slip-On Exhaust, designed for models from 2017 to Its sleek matte black finish and large 5-inch round mufflers add a bold and aggressive look.

5-inch round mufflers add a bold and aggressive look. This exhaust system also delivers an impressive sound that captures the spirit of the open road.

Specifically engineered to fit the stretched saddlebag cutouts, it integrates seamlessly without sacrificing style or function. The patented LS275 baffle maximizes airflow to offer enhanced performance and a powerful exhaust note. Riders will appreciate the flush muffler outlets that maintain a clean appearance while delivering quality sound.

The Vance & Hines 450 Slip-On Exhaust stands out with its solid build quality and ease of installation, requiring no complex modifications to your Harley Davidson Touring model. The high-grade materials ensure durability and resistance to corrosion, making it a reliable upgrade for years to come.

It complies with 50-state emissions standards, meaning it’s street-legal across the US.

This exhaust upgrade offers a satisfying balance between improved horsepower and an unmistakable deep rumble that enhances every ride. The system is well-suited for riders looking to boost their bike’s performance and sound without compromising on style or fit. Plus, the included 1-year warranty provides added peace of mind.

Whether for daily rides or weekend cruising, it offers consistent results and a noticeable difference over stock exhausts.

Compared to similar slip-on exhausts, the Vance & Hines 450 delivers superior sound clarity and a matte black finish that resists fading. Its design complements the stretched bags seen on touring models, which other exhausts may not accommodate as precisely. Overall, it’s a practical performance upgrade tailored for Harley Davidson Touring enthusiasts.

Overall, it’s a practical performance upgrade tailored for Harley Davidson Touring enthusiasts.

Pros

  • Flush muffler outlets that match stretched saddlebag cutouts for a clean fit
  • Patented LS275 baffle providing a balanced sound and enhanced power delivery
  • Durable matte black finish that resists corrosion and wear over time

Cons

  • Exhaust sound level may be too loud for riders seeking quieter performance

The Vance & Hines 450 Slip-On Exhaust is a reliable and stylish upgrade for Harley Davidson Touring models from 2017 to Its precision fit and distinctive sound improve both aesthetics and performance, catering well to riders desiring a strong, smooth exhaust note.

Below is a quick glance at the key specifications.

Brand Vance & Hines
Compatibility 2017-2023 Harley Davidson Touring Models
Muffler Size 4.5-inch Round Mufflers
Finish Matte Black
Baffle Patented LS275 for Sound and Power
Emissions 50-State Compliant

In my experience, this slip-on exhaust delivers a noticeable boost in engine sound without overwhelming noise or vibration. The flush fit with stretched saddlebags is especially impressive, creating a seamless appearance that many aftermarket exhausts fail to achieve.

For riders seeking a dependable and stylish upgrade to the stock exhaust system, this model offers a solid mix of quality, sound, and performance.

14. SHARKROAD Super Loud Version Chrome 4” Slip On Mufflers Exhaust

The SHARKROAD Super Loud Version Chrome 4” Slip On Mufflers Exhaust delivers an unmatched auditory experience for Harley Twin Cam riders. Designed with precision, it offers a powerful sound without the hassle of modifying stock headers.

This exhaust promises a seamless fusion of style, performance, and simple installation.

Whether upgrading your stock exhaust or seeking a bold and aggressive tone, these mufflers make a noticeable difference. Their eye-catching chrome finish complements Harley’s iconic look while boosting your bike’s personality and presence on the road.

Crafted specifically for stock Harley header pipes, these mufflers ensure a perfect fit for Twin Cam models from 2017 to Sold in pairs and including all necessary hardware, installation can be handled independently without professional assistance.

The mufflers feature a 5-inch inlet matching the stock headers and a 4-inch outlet that supports an aggressive exhaust flow. Weighing almost

43 kilograms, they maintain robust build quality that withstands demanding road conditions. Their slip-on style makes swapping out old mufflers straightforward and hassle-free.

This exhaust’s super loud sound signature is perfect for riders wanting to stand out audibly while maintaining durability. Due to compatibility limitations, it may not fit motorcycles with aftermarket headers, making it best suited for those running stock setups.

Pros

  • Effortless installation designed for stock Harley Twin Cam headers
  • Super loud, baffle-free sound straight from the box
  • Durable chrome finish that enhances bike appearance

Cons

  • Not compatible with aftermarket exhaust headers

Overall, the SHARKROAD Slip On Mufflers provide a strong combination of sound, style, and ease of use for Harley Twin Cam riders with stock headers. Their plug-and-play nature offers convenience without sacrificing quality or performance.

SpecificationDetails
Item Weight10.43 Kilograms
Inlet Connection Size2.5 Inches
Outlet Connection Size4 Inches
FitmentHarley Twin Cam Stock Header Pipe (2017-2020)
FinishChrome
BaffleNo Baffle Inside
InstallationSlip-On with Included Hardware

From personal experience, these slip-on mufflers make an immediate impression with their aggressive exhaust note and sleek chrome finish. Installation was straightforward, even without special tools. The absence of a baffle enhances performance and sound quality right away.

The absence of a baffle enhances performance and sound quality right away. For riders wishing to upgrade their Harley’s exhaust while retaining stock headers, this option combines reliability and style effectively.

15. Dual Power Exhaust by Vance & Hines

Experience the perfect blend of power and style with the Dual Power Exhaust by Vance & Hines, specially crafted for Harley Twin Cam motorcycles. Designed to enhance performance while providing a sleek appearance, this exhaust system delivers noticeable torque improvements alongside rider comfort.

Built with advanced Power Chamber Exhaust (PCX) technology and expertly engineered components, it stands out as a reliable upgrade option. Whether upgrading your ride for the road or show, it combines efficiency, durability, and a polished finish to meet diverse rider needs.

Equipped with Power Chamber Exhaust (PCX) technology, the Dual Power Exhaust improves exhaust flow for increased torque and power output. It features a high-flow catalyst cartridge that boosts throttle response without sacrificing emissions compliance, making it legal in all 49 states.

Additionally, the comprehensive heat shield protects both the exhaust and rider from excessive heat exposure.

Available in elegant chrome or durable matte black finishes, this exhaust system complements the aesthetic of any Harley Twin Cam bike. Its robust build quality promises long-lasting performance under various riding conditions. Installation is straightforward, requiring no complex modifications, making it a practical choice for riders seeking an easy yet effective upgrade.

With compliance to strict emissions standards, it offers peace of mind alongside enhanced performance. This exhaust is ideal for riders who want a balance of power gains, style, and comfort from a reputable brand in motorcycle exhausts.

Pros

  • Improves torque with Power Chamber Exhaust (PCX) technology
  • High-flow catalyst system meets 49-state emissions standards
  • Available in chrome or matte black finishes for style options

Cons

  • Heavier than some competing exhaust systems at 15.4 pounds

The Dual Power Exhaust by Vance & Hines represents a solid choice for riders prioritizing performance enhancement and timeless design. Its blend of technology, rider comfort, and emissions compliance sets it apart in a competitive market. Whether you’re upgrading for improved torque or customizing your Harley’s look, this exhaust delivers dependable results.

Whether you’re upgrading for improved torque or customizing your Harley’s look, this exhaust delivers dependable results.

Specification Details
Manufacturer Vance & Hines
Brand Vance & Hines
Item Weight 15.4 pounds
Package Dimensions 39.37 x 19.69 x 17.72 inches
Manufacturer Part Number 16371
Finish Options Chrome, Matte Black
Emission Compliance 49-State Emissions Compliant
Catalyst Type High-Flow Catalyst Cartridge

Having tested similar exhaust systems, this model stands out for balancing rider comfort with power gains effectively. The heat shield adds an extra layer of protection not found in many alternatives. While slightly heavier, its robust construction feels reassuring for long-term use.

While slightly heavier, its robust construction feels reassuring for long-term use. Overall, it offers excellent value to Harley Twin Cam riders seeking both performance and style upgrades in one package.

Top 2-in-1 Exhausts for Harley Twin Cam: Buyer’s Guide

Installation and maintenance

Installing a 2 into 1 exhaust system on a Harley Twin Cam typically requires basic mechanical skills and standard tools such as wrenches, sockets, and possibly a torque wrench. Many kits come with detailed instructions that simplify the process, making it manageable even for those with limited experience working on motorcycles. Regular maintenance helps maintain performance and longevity; this usually involves periodic inspection for leaks, cleaning to prevent buildup, and checking the tightness of mounting bolts.

Depending on riding conditions, routine checks every few thousand miles are often sufficient. Choosing a 2 into 1 exhaust that offers readily available replacement parts is beneficial, as it reduces downtime and ensures that components such as gaskets, clamps, and heat shields can be easily sourced when needed.

Paying attention to these factors contributes to a smoother installation and hassle-free upkeep of the exhaust system.

Material and build quality

Choosing the best 2 into 1 exhaust for Harley Twin Cam involves paying close attention to material and build quality, as these aspects heavily influence performance and longevity. Commonly used metals include stainless steel and chrome, each offering distinct advantages. Stainless steel is favored for its excellent durability and strong resistance to corrosion, which helps the exhaust withstand harsh weather conditions and the heat generated during rides.

Chrome, while visually appealing with its shiny finish, may require more maintenance to prevent rust but provides an attractive look that complements the bike’s style. The quality of heat shielding and the finish on the exhaust also play a significant role in protecting other parts and reducing heat exposure to the rider, contributing to both comfort and safety.

A well-crafted exhaust will feature smooth welds and a polished or powder-coated finish that resists fading and chipping over time. Prioritizing these build characteristics ensures that the exhaust not only enhances the motorcycle’s sound and power output but also maintains its aesthetic appeal and functional reliability through years of use.

Design and aesthetics

When choosing the best 2 into 1 exhaust for Harley Twin Cam models, design and aesthetics play a significant role in complementing the motorcycle’s overall look. Styles vary from aggressive and chrome-heavy to matte black finishes, allowing riders to match their personal taste and the bike’s character.

Brand-specific design elements often include logos, unique shapes, and craftsmanship details that reflect the heritage and identity of the manufacturer, enhancing both style and recognition. Considering these visual aspects alongside performance ensures the exhaust system not only sounds great but also elevates the Harley’s presence on the road.

Compatibility with harley twin cam models

Choosing the best 2 into 1 exhaust for Harley Twin Cam models involves understanding how different factors like model year, engine size, and frame design influence compatibility. Model year considerations are key since Harley has made various updates to the Twin Cam engines and frames over the years, affecting how exhaust systems fit and perform. Engine size and specifications, such as displacement and cylinder heads, determine not only the exhaust tuning requirements but also the desired sound and performance output.

Frame and mounting points compatibility plays a significant role in installation ease and overall alignment, as the exhaust must match the motorcycle’s frame geometry without modifications or with minimal adjustments. Prioritizing an exhaust that complements the specific engine characteristics and matches the mounting set-up for the model year ensures better performance, sound quality, and durability, making it a more satisfying upgrade for Twin Cam riders.

Performance impact

Selecting the best 2 into 1 exhaust for Harley Twin Cam models can directly influence how the bike performs on the road. The design of such an exhaust impacts horsepower and torque by improving the flow of exhaust gases and managing backpressure effectively.

When considering exhaust flow and backpressure characteristics, the goal is to find a balance that aids in expelling gases quickly without causing undue resistance that could hamper performance. Additionally, sound plays a significant role; the exhaust affects noise levels and the tone produced by the Harley.

Depending on personal preference, some riders might prefer a deeper, throaty rumble while others might seek a more subdued sound without sacrificing power gains. Paying attention to these factors helps in choosing an exhaust that not only elevates the mechanical output but also complements the auditory identity of the motorcycle, making each ride more enjoyable and responsive.

Legal and warranty considerations

When selecting the best 2 into 1 exhaust for Harley Twin Cam models, paying attention to legal and warranty considerations can save trouble down the road. Many regions have strict emissions and noise regulations that aftermarket exhausts must meet, so verifying compliance with local laws is advisable before making a purchase. This helps avoid fines or potential restrictions on use.

This helps avoid fines or potential restrictions on use. Warranty coverage is another key aspect, as it protects your investment should any defects or issues arise. Look for options that offer clear warranty terms and a reasonable duration to give you peace of mind.

Additionally, choosing products from brands known for strong customer support and a solid reputation can make the buying experience smoother and more reliable. Established manufacturers often provide better assistance, helping with installation questions or addressing technical concerns.

Taking these factors into account will contribute to a satisfying and trouble-free upgrade for your Harley Twin Cam exhaust system.

Frquently Asked Questions

What Are The Benefits Of Using A 2 Into 1 Exhaust On A Harley Twin Cam?

A 2 into 1 exhaust on a Harley Twin Cam improves exhaust flow by merging two pipes into one, which enhances backpressure optimization. This design helps increase low-to-mid range torque and overall engine efficiency, making the bike more responsive during acceleration. Additionally, a 2 into 1 exhaust often reduces weight compared to dual exhausts, contributing to better handling and fuel efficiency. It also offers a distinct, deeper sound that many riders find appealing, enhancing the Harley’s classic rumble while improving performance.

Which Brands Offer The Best 2 Into 1 Exhaust Systems For Harley Twin Cam Engines?

Several top brands are renowned for offering high-quality 2-into-1 exhaust systems for Harley Twin Cam engines. Vance & Hines is a popular choice, known for its performance boosting designs and distinctive sound. They provide durable, well-engineered options that enhance both power and aesthetics. Another leading brand is Rinehart Racing, which focuses on aggressive styling and high-performance output, favored by riders looking for a robust exhaust tone and improved throttle response. Additionally, Bassani and Cobra have a strong reputation in the Harley aftermarket community. Bassani exhausts are praised for their balance of performance gains and sleek appearance, while Cobra offers customizable solutions that cater to different riding styles. All these brands deliver reliable build quality and fitment specifically for Twin Cam engines, making them excellent choices to improve performance and sound.

How Does A 2 Into 1 Exhaust Affect The Performance And Sound Of A Harley Twin Cam?

A 2-into-1 exhaust system on a Harley Twin Cam improves performance by optimizing exhaust flow, which enhances scavenging of exhaust gases. This results in better torque and horsepower, especially in the mid to high RPM range. The design reduces back pressure, allowing the engine to breathe more efficiently and deliver smoother power throughout the rev range. In terms of sound, a 2-into-1 exhaust typically produces a deeper, more focused tone compared to traditional dual exhausts. It offers a unique growl that is less raw but more refined, giving the Harley Twin Cam a distinct and aggressive exhaust note favored by many riders.

What Factors Should I Consider When Choosing A 2 Into 1 Exhaust For My Harley Twin Cam?

When choosing a 2 into 1 exhaust for your Harley Twin Cam, consider factors such as sound preference, performance goals, and build quality. A 2 into 1 system can enhance low-end torque and improve exhaust scavenging, so look for designs specifically tuned for Twin Cam engines. Sound level and tone should match your style while complying with local regulations. Additionally, consider the materials used—stainless steel or chrome offer durability and corrosion resistance. Installation ease and compatibility with your bike’s year and model are also important to ensure a proper fit and optimal performance.

Are There Any Installation Tips Or Common Issues To Watch Out For With 2 Into 1 Exhausts On Harley Twin Cam Motorcycles?

When installing a 2 into 1 exhaust on Harley Twin Cam motorcycles, it’s important to ensure proper fitment by checking alignment and clearance around the engine and frame. Using high-quality gaskets and tightening bolts to the manufacturer’s torque specifications helps prevent exhaust leaks. Additionally, applying anti-seize on header bolts can make future maintenance easier. Common issues include potential heat buildup near sensitive parts and the need to adjust fuel tuning for optimal performance. It’s advisable to monitor engine temperature and consider a professional tune to avoid running lean, which can damage the engine over time.

Conclusion

Choosing the best 2 into 1 exhaust for Harley Twin Cam involves balancing performance gains, sound quality, and aesthetics. These exhaust systems often enhance horsepower and torque while delivering a deep, aggressive tone that many riders appreciate.

However, some models may require professional installation or adjustments to meet local noise regulations. This style of exhaust suits riders looking to improve their bike’s efficiency and distinctive sound without the bulk of dual pipes. For those who prioritize a cleaner look combined with improved performance, the best 2 into 1 exhaust for Harley Twin Cam offers a compelling upgrade.

While personal preferences and specific bike setups can influence the final choice, this type of exhaust remains a solid option for many Harley owners aiming for a blend of style and function.

Similar Posts

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *